Another limitation of our study is the relatively short-term overexpression and incomplete silencing of TRIM21 in NASH livers; therefore, longer-term manipulations of TRIM21 expression before NASH onset and after the manifestation of a full-blown phenotype will be important to assess the immune consequences of TRIM21 induction during prolonged liver steatosis. Here, TRIM21 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.