MLH1 and prostate cancer: In 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration approved talazoparib with enzalutamide for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with mutations of an HR repair gene (ATM, ATR, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDK12, CHEK2, FANCA, MLH1, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, or RAD51C), and approved niraparib for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer patients with HRD-positive status in 2019 (23, 24).