For example, immunological signatures are altered during severe infection, and levels of a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines [such as S100A8/A9, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, CXCL10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)] are dramatically increased (15–18). The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is infection.