For example, (i) certain activated regulators (such as XBP1, FOS, STAT1, and STAT2) were shared in both respiratory epithelial and peripheral blood; (ii) certain genes (e.g., PTMA) were differentially expressed in T cells from independent studies; (iii) although S100A8/A9 were found to be upregulated in both respiratory epithelial and peripheral blood, their relative regulators can differ (e.g., SPDEF and ELF3 were found in goblet and squamous cells and CEBPD was seen in monocyte cells, which showed that regulators of a gene were specific to the infection site, cell type, and condition). This evidence concerns the gene SPDEF and infection.