With the breakthrough success of antibodies targeting immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 and programmed death receptor 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) in clinical practice, immunotherapy has brought about a shift in tumor treatment paradigm, activating pathways or combined with other strategies to improve immune response to tumor (3, 4). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.