SMAD3 and aortic aneurysm: Although he had no family history of cardiovascular diseases, including aortic dissection, or aortic aneurysm, connective tissue disease was suspected due to his own history of aortic root dilatation and recurrent aortic dissection; thus, a genetic test was conducted (tested genes: FBN1, FBN2, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TGFB2, TGFB3, SMAD2, SMAD3, ACTA2, COL3A1, EFEMP2, FLNA, MYH11, MYLK, SLC2A10).