VSIR and infection: Among the novel ICRs, VISTA, also known as B7-H5, PDCD-1 homolog (PD-1H), stress-induced secreted protein 1 (SISP1), death domain1alpha (DD1a), Gi24, and differentiation of embryonic stem cells 1 (Dies1) plays a central role in immune system functions, and its association with several human disorders, including autoimmune disease, inflammatory diseases, infection, and cancer was confirmed [5].