Compared with smokers, 18 hub genes were identified in COPD patients, including GFM1, HSPBP1, MRPL15, RPL36, GNB2L1, RPL13, UBA52, CARS, EEF1G, RPL23A, RPS16, HSP90AA1, RPL32, RPS9, RPL13A, EIF5A, ETF1, and PSMA7 (Fig. 1B). The gene discussed is GFM1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.