TNF and neoplasm: TAMs have two polarization states: While M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12β, and TNFα, and are considered as immunostimulatory and thus anti-tumorigenic [47], M2 TAMs produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, IL-13, and TGFβ, that promote an immunosuppressive environment and thus tumor growth [48].