Elevated VEGF has been reported in the blood of mTBI patients and athletes exposed to concussive and sub-concussive brain injuries,50,51 as well as in the CSF and brain tissue from rodents given mTBI.54,55 Evidence in more severe TBI suggests that increased bioavailability of VEGF-A is neuroprotective and promotes cerebral vascular repair,26 neuronal survival, and neurogenesis,25 whilst reducing contusion necrosis and neurological deficits.28 However, few studies have investigated how VEGF-A influences mTBI recovery. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is concussion.