Recent focus has shifted towards targeted therapy and immunotherapy for NPC treatment, such as inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and adoptive T-cell therapy, which are currently under study [34–38]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.