GFAP and brain injury: In agreement with our findings, previous studies have detected an elevated level of plasma GFAP in PD [10] and other neurodegenerative disorders such as AD [23], Lewy body dementia [11], and frontotemporal dementia [24], as well as other neurological disorders such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) [5], cerebrovascular accidents [6], and neuroinflammatory diseases [7].