MAPK1 and Parkinson disease: Figure 7 presents the variations in the p-CREB (Fig. 7a, d, g), p-AKT (Fig. 7b, e, h), and p-ERK (Fig. 7c, f, i) levels over time following the treatment of cellular PD model by vesicular (PL-V), hexosome (PL-H), or cubosome (PL-C) types of LNPs, respectively.