Gene expression studies in bulk tissue revealed a different molecular profile related to inflammation in cases with caTCMR as opposed to the inflammation in cases of active TCMR, the latter showing predominant interferon-gamma pathway activation with acute kidney injury, and the former showing signals related to injury-repair and mast cells.7,9 In 1 study, more cases of i-IFTA had AMR-related transcriptomic signatures than TCMR-associated ones,9 and acute kidney injury-associated transcripts drove the poor outcomes in i-IFTA cases. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is acute kidney injury.