INS and metabolic syndrome: Obese-DS children with MetS were significantly younger in age (p = 0.019) and exhibited significantly higher median values of WC (p = 0.037), TB-FM (p = 0.033), trunk-FM (p = 0.004), trunk/appendicular FM ratio (p < 0.001), fasting insulin (p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.007), total cholesterol (p = 0.012), LDL-C (p = 0.003) and non-HDL-C (p = 0.007), and apelin-12 (p < 0.001) compared to obese-control with MetS (Table 2).