TP53 and lung carcinoma: In addition, 23 rare variants in the exonic, intronic, or UTR regions of the APC, ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, MSH2, MSH6, PTEN, STK11, and TP53 genes were also found to be significantly enriched in lung cancer patients, implying that these variants may also predispose risks for lung cancer, which needs to be confirmed in other datasets.