Moreover, recent studies have shown that CHIP is a risk factor for non-malignant diseases, such as venous thrombosis (Hinds et al., 2016), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (Fuster et al., 2020), age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (Bouzid et al., 2023), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Buscarlet et al., 2017), and chronic liver disease (Jaiswal, 2020; Wong et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene STUB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.