THRA and thyroid gland carcinoma: This investigation was based on twelve extensive GWAS summary statistics, predominantly focusing on the European population’s data pertaining to PSC and TD, including AITD (GD and AT), hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer (TC), TSH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRα), thyroid peroxidase (TP) and thyroglobulin (TG).