Likewise, in a further preclinical mouse model of pancreatic cancer, ICI therapy and CD40 agonists also showed increased tumor control (147), and an early clinical trial in metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic pancreatic cancer showed that combining ICI therapy with a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist also resulted in an increase in T-cell and DC tumor infiltration (148). This evidence concerns the gene CD40 and pancreatic neoplasm.