Characteristics including sex, age, smoking history, smoking history, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, CNCL staging, Child–Pugh class, ECOG performance status score, cause of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, quantity of HBV DNA, AFP expression, gross classification of primary liver cancer, classification of PVTT, tumour metastasis, and ICIs were matched and are shown in Table 1. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is liver cancer.