In contrast, IPF demonstrated restricted immune cell activation, as evidenced by the existence of a limited number of significantly activated immune cells, including activated B cells, effector memory CD8 T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), monocytes, natural killer T cells, T follicular helper cells, and type 17 T helper cells (Figure 7B). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.