CD4 and Opportunistic infection: Contrary to our findings, other studies reported that women on ART for a shorter period and those with unsuppressed HIV viral loads were associated with increased HR-HPV infections and cervical abnormalities.15 In 2017, the WHO recommended immediate ART initiation, regardless of the WHO clinical stage or CD4 count.49 Thus, women on ART have an increased life expectancy due to less competing risk of dying from opportunistic infections.