ESR1 and lung cancer: The Cytohubba plug-in was used to find hub genes from the PPI network using centralities approaches.Twenty significant hub genes (CCND1, CDK1, CCNB1, CDH1, TP53, CTNNB1, EGFR, ESR1, CDK2, CCNA2, RHOA, EGF, FN1, HSP90AA1, STAT3, JUN, NOTCH1, IL6, SRC, and CD44)were identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment.