Therefore, further studies investigating the precise relationship between cinobufagin and STAT3 signaling in NSCLC were conducted through western blot analysis, which suggests cinobufagin treatment didn't suppress the expression of STAT3 itself, but the effect of cinobufagin treatment on inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation was increasing with time and concentration (Figure 4b-c). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.