As compared with healthy volunteers, neuropathic pain patients exhibited an increased expression of miR-124a (2.5 ± 0.7, P < 0.05) and miR-155 (1.3 ± 0.3; P < 0.05) and a reduced expression of SIRT1 (0.5 ± 0.2; P < 0.01). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is neuropathic pain.