TGFB1 and Myocardial fibrosis: Myocardial cell apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis can be regulated by many signal pathways such as TGF-β/Smads signaling, P38/MAPK signaling, RhoA/ROCK signaling, Wnt signaling and so on (Adel et al., 2022; Banks et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2022).