In a study conducted, it was found that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-6, interferon (IFN-γ), leukotriene, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were significantly increased in patients with CCa with an underlying liver fluke infection than in patients with fluke infection and no CCa [19]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.