Zhao et al. demonstrated STAT3-dependent TWIST1 induction and subsequent STAT3/TWIST1-dependent EMT in the lung-metastatic derivative (LM2–4175) MDA-MB-231 human mammary carcinoma cell line.21 Similar evidence was presented by Lin et al. using A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and by Cho et al. using PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.54 Surprisingly, TWIST1 overexpression did not significantly increase invasion, migration, or self-renewal of shPCBP1 cells in the current study, nor did it rescue the loss of these properties in LIFR KO cells (data not shown). Here, LIFR is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.