Millions of individuals of Sub-Saharan African ancestry face elevated risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with the inheritance of two common Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene variant alleles (risk allele, or RA) designated APOL1-G1 and APOL1-G2 [1–3] (Fig. 1A). This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and chronic kidney disease.