PARP1 and metachromatic leukodystrophy: Considering the evidence of augmented DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, and BBB disruption in MLD pathology, the focus of this study was to; (i) uncover the effects of sulfatide accumulation in human astrocytes; (ii) determine whether Olaparib-mediated PARP inhibition could exert a protective effect against sulfatide-induced astrocyte dysfunction; and (iii) elucidate the mechanisms underpinning sulfatide-induced astrocyte toxicity.