TNF and infection: Our data show that interleukin-15 (IL-15, −2.5 FC), IL-22 (−8.5 FC), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, −73.5 FC), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, −2.4 FC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, −1.9 FC) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α −1.8 FC) were significantly decreased during infection in mice fed a KD (Fig. 3a, b).