First, SGMs associated with tobacco smoking were enriched in 14 genes in lung cancer across the three datasets, including TP53, in which most SGMs in the TCGA cohort (51 of 95) were driven by SBS4 (15 SBS4 SGMs expected, FDR = 1.8 × 10−11) (Fig. 3D). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and lung carcinoma.