Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), placenta-derived growth factor (PLGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and finally granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) do play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of IBD [67–69]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and inflammatory bowel disease.