APOL1 and idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis: Examples of precision medicine approaches in nephrology include apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk variants and the treatment of APOL1-associated focal segmental glomerular sclerosis with APOL1 inhibitors1,2 and anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) antibodies for the diagnosis and disease activity monitoring of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.3,4 Traditional evidence-based medicine relies on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to inform treatment decisions, which are designed to include groups of patients rather than individuals.