To test this approach a phase II clinical trial using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit CD49d expression in T cells in adolescent males aged 10 to 18 years with a diagnosis of non-ambulatory DMD for at least 3 months is ongoing (http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618000970246) (47, 48). The gene discussed is ITGA4; the disease is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.