BRAF and central nervous system cancer: BRAF protein is the most frequently mutated serine/threonine kinase in human cancer, with BRAFV600E and KIAA1549::BRAF fusion being significant drivers of cellular transformation in pediatric CNS tumors, with high occurrences in low-grade gliomas (LGGs, up to 35%), and low occurrences in high-grade gliomas (HGGs, ~5% for BRAFV600E) (4, 5).