All of the patients were diagnosed as neuroendocrine carcinoma according to the immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of specific markers, including chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin (Syn), CD56, and Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) (Supplementary Figure 1; Supplementary Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene TTF1 and neuroendocrine carcinoma.