Similarly, qPCR results showed that a lethal dose of IBV/S9-MD infection could significantly upregulated mRNA expression of cytokines, IFN-α (Fig. 5G), IFN-β (Fig. 5H), TNF-α (Fig. 5I), IL-6 (Fig. 5J), IL-10 (Fig. 5K), and IL-1β (Fig. 5L) and interferon-stimulated gene, ISG54 (Fig. 5M) and ISG56 (Fig. 5N), but this induction was potently suppressed by isoquercitrin and oseltamivir. Here, IL1B is linked to infection.