Additionally, we identified some genes shared between these two conditions, including DRAM1, PFKFB3, and CASP5, which are related to autophagy [41], glycolysis [42], and pyroptosis [43], respectively, suggesting that alterations in metabolic and immune response pathways in immune cells may be a fundamental feature of E. coli infection (Fig. 2F). Here, CASP5 is linked to escherichia coli infection.