TNF and chorioamnionitis: The most important clinical symptom of chorioamnionitis is maternal fever [7], and the biological fluids (e.g., amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions, serum or plasma, or both, and urine) of febrile pregnant women have been explored [1]. C-reactive protein (CRP) [8, 9], white blood cell (WBC) [10], neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) [11], procalcitonin (PCT) [12], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [13], tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [14], and other pyrogenic cytokines have been assessed, and many of these inflammation-related cytokines have been linked to HCA.