Combining multiple immunological markers, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), with established molecular subtypes may increase the predictive robustness and guide the implementation of NSCLC precision medicine7. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.