Remarkably, compared with immune checkpoint inhibiting antibodies, DNA-PAE@BAY-876 nanoassembly more effectively promoted the infiltration and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, DCs and M1 macrophages at the tumor site (Supplementary Fig. 42a–c), while potently inhibiting M2 macrophages, Tregs and MDSCs (Supplementary Fig. 42d–f), evidently supporting its potential utility for enhanced ICT against TNBCs in the clinics. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.