In addition, aptCTLA-4 and aptPD-L1 were labeled with FITC to synthesize DNA-PAE@BAY-876, and the fluorescence confocal microscopic data showed that aptCTLA-4 and aptPD-L1 successfully targeted CD45+ lymphocytes and 4T1 tumor cells, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 31a, b). Here, PTPRC is linked to neoplasm.