Host gene transcriptional signatures can distinguish between tuberculosis disease and other illnesses and are measured in blood, a sample easier to obtain than sputum in children.12, 13, 14 The Cepheid Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host Response prototype cartridge (MTB-HR) is a GeneXpert-based RT-PCR test assessing relative messenger RNA levels from fingerstick whole-blood samples.14, 15 It distinguishes tuberculosis from other diseases based on the expression of GBP5 and DUSP3 (upregulated in tuberculosis), and KLF2 (downregulated in tuberculosis). This evidence concerns the gene DUSP3 and tuberculosis.