- CBD and AEA increased Th17 differentiation in CD4+ T cells of RA pts but not healthy donors- Adding cytokines TGFβ, IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-23 increased Th17-inducing CBD properties- CBD oil Tx for 4–8 weeks increased Th17 cell expansion- Disease Activity Score 28-joint count C-reactive protein increased during CBD Tx- Immunomodulatory effect of CBD not mediated by CB1, CB2, or GPR55- CBD increased sgk1 and ahr expression and decreased csf2 expression- Results contrary to results in mice where CBD ameliorated RA. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and rheumatoid arthritis.