Immunostaining for CD68 was increased in moderate COPD cores versus control cores (log2FC = 1.09, p=0.007), whereas CD4 and CD20 were also increased in moderate COPD cores (CD4: log2FC=2.57, p<0.001; CD20: log2FC=0.68 p=0.02) and in severe COPD cores vs control cores (CD4: log2FC=2.91, p<0.001; CD20: log2FC=0.80, p=0.01). Here, CD68 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.