Both anti-NAMPT pAb and ALT-100 reduced LPS-induced histological evidence of inflammation and injury, BAL protein content, and BAL PMN counts in preclinical “one-hit” (LPS) and “two-hit” (LPS/VILI) ARDS rat models (P < 0.05).In the “two-hit” (blast-trauma/VILI) rats, anti-NAMPT pAb diminished histological evidence of inflammation and injury compared to PBS (P < 0.05). The gene discussed is NAMPT; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.