NFKB1 and cancer: EF exhibits apoptotic activity through activation of NF-κB, inhibits NF-κB-regulated gene products such as cyclin D1, X-chromosome interlocking IAP (XIAP), Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL, and increases expression of the apoptosis inducer Bax, which then induces apoptosis of the cancer cells by the cysteine asparaginase pathway (Takada et al., 2005).