BDNF and glioma: To confirm the relative contribution of activity-regulated BDNF ligand to the mitogenic effect of activity-regulated secreted factors, we optogenetically stimulated cortical explants from Bdnf-TMKI or Bdnf wild-type mice, collected conditioned medium, and tested the effects of conditioned medium on glioma cell proliferation in vitro using our well-validated experimental paradigm1.