BDNF and central nervous system cancer: Consistent with the transcriptomic analyses (Extended Data Fig. 4) and the role for CAMKII in BDNF-evoked changes in glutamatergic current strength (Fig. 2d,e) discussed above, western blot analysis of glioma cells demonstrates that BDNF exposure activates three main signalling cascades: MAPK–ERK, PI3K–AKT and CAMKII calcium signalling (Extended Data Fig. 8a–d).