Given previous studies indicating that A2AR blockade enhances the efficacy of conventional immune checkpoint blockade or chemotherapy5,8,14 and the clinical interest in targeting this pathway, we next assessed the effect of anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, the combination of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 or carboplatin on the expression of the A2AR within the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.