Identifying the subset of patients in each CKD stage at highest short-term risk of developing ESKD would also help with targeting optimization of the use and dosing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, along with avoidance of nephrotoxin exposures as well as reducing placement of futile vascular access. Here, ACE is linked to chronic kidney disease.