While the PEM is related to patients with hypoalbuminemia of <3.5 g/dL and lymphopenia of <1.5 cells/mm3 [16] the PNI is calculated by multiplying albumin and lymphocytes values (10 × ALB g/dL + 0.005 × lymphocyte count cells/mm3 [38]). Here, ALB is linked to Hypoalbuminemia.